http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1088 Resarch publications by members of the University Community 2026-04-12T13:37:36Z http://hdl.handle.net/10386/5301 Government expenditure, gross fixed capital formation and carbon dioxide emissions within climate change context in South Africa Tala, L. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of government expenditure and investment in attaining low carbon emissions in South Africa. Particular attention is paid to differential effectiveness of government expenditure on research and development (R&D) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) on lowering carbon dioxide emissions. By 2030 South Africa is aspiring to be a climate-change resilient economy and low carbon-economy. The National Development Plan identified zero carbon-emission building standards, less carbon-intensive electricity production and economy wide carbon price as critical in efforts to achieve inclusive, low-carbon and resource-efficient economy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of government expenditure on research and development (R&D) and gross fixed capital formation on reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The study applied the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test for cointegration, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares(DOLS). The research used time series data from 1990-2022. The ARDL estimation results showed that gross fixed capital formation increases carbon dioxide emissions in both the short and long run. FMOLS and DOLS models confirm that GFCF promote carbon emissions in the long run though with different magnitudes. This outcome suggested that infrastructure development aimed to build an economy might lead to excessive depletion of natural resources, disruption of eco-systems and threat to climate change. Regarding, outcomes obtained from ARDL, FMOLS and DOLS indicate that government expenditure on research and development emerged as influential in lowering carbon dioxide emissions. South Africa faces challenges to balancing economic growth with carbon dioxide emissions. The findings of this research have implications to government providing insights to spend more on research and development. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10386/5300 Investigating the nexus between the blue and green economy towards’ economic growth of South Africa Ratombo, N. E. Economic growth has experienced massive disruptions in various economic sectors concerning the demand and supply of goods worldwide. This has led to significant attention from multiple scholars to discover the blue and green economy effects on economic growth. Numerous economies adopted either the blue or green economy due to high financing requirements, and insufficient revenues generated within the country context. This study applied a qualitative approach to investigate the nexus between the blue and green economy towards the economic growth of South Africa through secondary time series data from 1990 to 2020. The ARDL model was used to show a long-term equilibrium relationship between the blue and green economy and the economic growth of South Africa. The econometric techniques were executed to reveal the economic growth status of South Africa, concerning the blue and green economy. This research is innovative as it has integrated the blue and green economic idea to reveal that total factor productivity, and total greenhouse emission equivalent to C02 have a positive influence on the economic growth of South Africa. The positive GHGE_C02 is ushered by insignificance in both periods revealing that South Africa is behind in promoting some SDGs to sustain economic growth. This study has also found that adopting the blue and green economy aspect is an unavoidable key to achieving numerous Sustainable Development Goals which are fundamental for reaching economic growth. This study revealed that proper administration and utilization of water and environmental resources may assist in instigating economic growth. This study intends to encourage South African policymakers to adopt both the blue and green economy and to add a comprehensive system that will value adapting and modifying relevant, and effective strategies for sustainable economic growth, by considering the adoption of normal resource use through the blue and green economy while addressing economic growth challenges. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10386/5299 The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in South Africa Ralarala, O. S. O.; Malatji, N. M. Numerous investigations have explored the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth, yielding a landscape of contrasting findings. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of FDI on economic growth in South Africa from 1994Q1 to 2023 Q4 employing secondary time series data. The practical importance of this study lies in its ability to inform policymakers about the critical relationship between FDI and economic growth, emphasizing the need to create a conducive environment that attracts and retains investment, thereby fostering sustained economic growth. To ensure the data's stationarity, both the Phillips-Perron (PP) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests were applied. The analysis utilized the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine dynamic relationships between variables in both the short run and long run. An ARDL bounds test for cointegration was conducted to explore the longterm relationships, and a Granger causality test was used to determine causal relationships. The ARDL bounds test confirmed a long-term relationship among the FDI and economic growth. However, the Granger causality test indicated no causal link between economic growth and FDI, suggesting that changes in economic growth do not predict changes in FDI. This study contributes to the literature by underscoring the importance of stable economic environments and infrastructure development to maximize the benefits of FDI, with future research needed to explore additional factors influencing this dynamic. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10386/5298 An exploration of selected factors affecting the labour market in South Africa Ralarala, O. S. O.; Mahlangu, C. P. The purpose of this article is to explore selected factors affecting the labour market in South Africa. In the past two decades, South Africa has experienced a great improvement in its labour market, however, the labour market continues to encounter numerous challenges. The article adopted the Auto-regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) to explore how population, remuneration, and gross fixed capital formation impact the labour market in South Africa for the period 1994 to 2023. A positive relationship between remuneration, population ageing, gross fixed capital formation and the labour market was discovered. To improve South Africa’s labour market, this article proposes that the government invest in programs that enhance technical and vocational abilities. This will facilitate the connection between unemployed youth and sectors requiring skilled labour. This is crucial for mitigating poverty and fostering more inclusivity throughout society. Moreover, this article proposes the implementation of measures aimed at diminishing wealth disparity. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z