Mental health challenges experienced by caregivers of children with special needs at Acornhoek, Bohlabela District, South Africa

Abstract

Background: Caregivers of children with special needs often face unique and significant mental health challenges that impact their well-being and ability to provide care. In rural areas such as Acornhoek, Bohlabela District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, these challenges are compounded by limited resources and systemic barriers. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing effective support mechanisms. Aim: This study aimed to explore the mental health challenges experienced by caregivers of children with special needs residing in Acornhoek and to describe the factors within communities and households that influence how these caregivers manage their mental health. Method: A qualitative, interpretivist-phenomenological research design was employed to gain deep insights into caregivers' lived experiences. Data was purposefully collected from nine participants through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with caregivers of children with special needs. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved and they were all audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analysed. Results: Six main themes with seven Sub-themes emerged from the study. These themes and Sub-themes revealed that caregivers experiences considerable psychological distress; including stress, frustration, emotional pain, and denial. Stigma and negative public attitudes worsened their mental health, often causing physical symptoms such as high blood pressure and sleep disturbances. Financial strain and employment challenges due to caregiving responsibilities were also significant stressors. Additionally, systemic inefficiencies in accessing disability grants, special education, and healthcare services contributed to caregiver’s burden. Despite these difficulties, caregivers demonstrated resilience through acceptance and reliance on family and community support. Conclusion: Mental health challenges among caregivers of children with special needs in Acornhoek are multifaceted, involving psychological, social, financial, and systemic factors. Addressing these challenges requires strengthened community support and improved government services to alleviate caregiver burden. This study contributes valuable insights towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 by promoting mental health and well-being in rural South African contexts.